Pengembangan Karya Ilmiah Akademik: Analisis Struktur, Metodologi, dan Kaidah Penulisan

Abstract

The development of academic scientific writing is a fundamental competence in higher education, as it reflects students’ ability to think critically, analytically, and systematically. However, empirical evidence indicates that many university students continue to experience significant difficulties in producing academically sound scientific works. This article aims to analyze the structure of academic writing, the challenges encountered by students, and the role of research methodology in determining the quality of academic works. This study employs a qualitative descriptive approach using an analytical literature review design, examining scholarly journals, research methodology books, academic writing guidelines, and selected examples of student papers. Data were analyzed through thematic analysis involving coding, categorization, and interpretation of key themes. The findings reveal that common weaknesses in students’ academic writing include improper structural organization, difficulties in topic selection, limited methodological literacy, inadequate theoretical frameworks, and incorrect use of references and citation practices. Moreover, methodological shortcomings were found to have a direct impact on the validity and reliability of research outcomes. These findings emphasize that research methodology serves as a critical foundation for producing credible and academically accountable scientific writing. The article concludes that improving the quality of students’ academic writing requires strengthening their understanding of scientific structure, enhancing methodological literacy, reinforcing academic ethics, and providing continuous instructional support and academic supervision.